Cathedral





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a. [] b. [] c. (Data Base) [] d. [] e. [|http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/History/] f. []

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b. Whenever I research any topic, I start broad and then search into detailed. So, for this specific project I stated off by researching Cathedral and or Christian Cathedrals. But the, once I learned about the cathedrals I search a specific Cathedral. An that cathedral would be the Canterbury cathedral. c. Research Notes: Pasted from <[]>
 * Cathedral is from the Latin word cathedra which means seat or chair
 * Cathedral Churches can have different degrees of dignity (Rank)
 * 1) A parish church which was formerly a cathedral is known as a "[|//proto-cathedral//]"*.
 * 2) A parish church temporarily serving as the cathedral or co-cathedral of a diocese is known as a "[|//pro-cathedral//]".
 * 3) Two churches jointly serving cathedrals of a diocese are each known as "[|//co-cathedrals//]".
 * 4) The church of a diocesan bishop is known as a "//cathedral//".
 * 5) A church to which other diocesan cathedral churches of a province are [|//suffragan//] is a "//metropolitan cathedral//".
 * 6) A church under which are ranged metropolitical churches and their provinces is a "//primatial cathedral//".
 * 7) A church to which primatial, metropolitical, and cathedral churches alike owe allegiance is a "//patriarchal cathedral//".
 * During the 10th and 11th cathedral clergies were split up into 2 different classes.
 * During the Middle Ages there were
 * Monastic and Secular Cathedrals
 * Canterbury Cathedral:
 * Has some of the earliest and finest stain glass windows in England
 * The oldest window in the cathedral dates back to 1180 AD.
 * It is an image of Adam digging with spade
 * More stain glass was added throughout the Middle ages.

[] "Washington National Cathedral." //Washington National Cathedral//. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2009. . · The National Cathedral Association is an organization that helps to build and take care of the cathedrals. · It is located in Washington D.C ·  It started in 1907 · “The Cathedral has long served as a grand spiritual center where Americans unite to worship and pray, mourn the passing of world leaders, and confront the pressing moral and social issues of the day.” · Welcomes all faiths · Built of Lime Stone · Was just finished · Was constructed from 1907 to 1990 · Has held 21 presidents funerals · Is Protestant Episcopalian · There is a sculpture of Darth Vader in the west tower of the Cathedral · It cost 65 Million Dollars · The cathedrals archive dates all the way back to 1894 · “Washington National Cathedral is a church for national purposes called to embody God’s love and to welcome people of all faiths and perspectives. A unique blend of the spiritual and the civic, this Episcopal Cathedral is a voice for generous-spirited Christianity and a catalyst for reconciliation and interfaith dialogue to promote respect and understanding. We invite all people to share in our commitment to create a more hopeful and just world” the mission of the Washington National Cathedral. · Is a non-profit organization relies entirely on gifts.

Gale History and Resource center "Notre Dame de Paris, Cathedral of." //Dictionary of the Middle Ages//. 13 vols. American Council of Learned Societies. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1989. Reproduced in History Resource Center. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. [|http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/History/] ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> Notre Dame, one of the most famous cathedrals in the world ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> Located in Paris, France ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> Hunchback of Notre Dame, written about this cathedral ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> Started to build in the 1140’s-1150’s ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> Finished in 1196 ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> The cathedral was a form of art ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> It had o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> Sculptures o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> Mosaics o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> Stained glass

·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> The Cathedral is still standing ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> And is an example of French Gothic Architecture. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> Gothic-medieval age

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"Cathedral Basilica Saint Louis." //St. Louis Cathederal//. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2009. <http://cathedralstl.org/intro/>. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> Located in Soulard (Downtown St. Louis) ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> The whole inside is covered with mosaics, ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> Planning started in 1905 ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> 1907 ground was broken ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> “In **<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">1997 **, the Cathedral was designated as a Cathedral Basilica by Pope John Paul II, who honored the Cathedral Basilica with a visit on his history-making visit to the United States in October of 1999.”

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Images and artifacts enhances people's understandings of religion in many different ways. For instance, when I first started learning about different cathedrals I found that pictures helped the most. I think that these help people because they give the reader a visual understanding of the topic. For example, while I was studying cathedrals, the research sites I went to were very descriptive, but I could get a picture in my head about what they looked like from the outside or the inside. Because of this problem, I looked up many different cathedrals pictures and it gave me a better understanding of the general description. On the other hand artifacts help you mostly by giving you an understanding of how, people acted, interacted with each other, or the general outlook of different tribes (tribes = examples). After looking at many different groups project pages, such as the Menorah, the same thing happened to me when I was researching for my own topic. I found that the picture helped me learn about Judaism more. Lastly, after looking at Nativities group work, the pictures provided for people like me looking at it really showed me how it can be expressed in so many different ways.
 * Robert's Paragraph:**

Answers.com defines cathedral as "a large important church." The pictures we have found on the internet show exactly that. The cathedral is huge, and decorated with columns, pillars, towers and the building is perfectly symmetrical. The cathedral stands tall and looks strong and majestic. The men and women who built this must have spent a very long tome working on it. Every brick had to be perfect in size, shape and color. The stain-glass windows are a popular "add-on" to the cathedral. They usually depict a prophet or disciple looking serious or gesturing with his body or hands. The biggest cathedrals have giant windows, taller than 10 feet. This proves that the architect who designed the cathedrals wanted it to look the best and the most Christian like. They also have Latin writing written on them that translate into phrases that say things like "god loves you" and other sayings like that.

The cathedral was very important to Christians, especially when Christianity was growing as a religion. Not only was the cathedral a church but it was also a work of art. The building looks magnificent and friendly. The cathedrals could fit hundreds of people in at one time for a sermon or lecture. Parents would bring children, cousins would bring cousins and so on, and so on. Soon the church had grew to almost double it's size, then triple it's size. Suddenly, the Christian church was a major religion and cathedrals were being built all over Europe. The Dean or head of the cathedral was the man who had control of the province or county that his church or cathedral was in. Everyone from the county would go to church at the cathedral and give an offering every Sunday to support the church.

“[18] And I tell you, you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the powers of death shall not prevail against it.”
 * Mat 16:13-25**

The above images of the cathedral show the great amount of time and craftsmanship that went into each cathedral. The cathedrals became a representation of art as well as a representation of the religion. The cathedrals took years to construct due to the fact that every little detail was handcrafted. The design of these cathedrals was highly influenced by Roman architecture. As you can see in the above images the arch was employed a great deal in the construction of these cathedrals. A piece of architecture that also was highly weaved into the construction of the cathedrals was the stain glass window. These stain glass windows can be seen in the images above and the majority of them depicted famous biblical exploits and figures. The cathedrals employed a variety of architectural techniques as well as artists and the results can clearly be seen in the finished result.

The cathedral also played and in many ways still plays an integral role in the hierarchy and set-up of the church. A cathedral is loosely defined as a place where people go to worship. However, this definition may lead to the assumption that a cathedral isn’t different from any church. The difference between a cathedral and the average church lies in the fact that a cathedral is a form of church in which resides the seat of a bishop. The cathedral played an important part in the rise of a hierarchy within the church. The cathedral is in many ways a reflection of the way Christianity was broken into denominations. One of the driving reasons why Christianity was broken into denominations was due to the belief that there should be a pope, and that there should be a ranking system within the governing of the church. Many Christians disagreed, claiming that there should be equality in the way the church is run. This chasm caused Christianity to be broken up into denominations. The cathedral is a product of the system of thought that believes in different levels of seniority seeing as a cathedral is defined by the presence of a bishop or bishops, which would not exist in a non-hierarchal church. The cathedral is also a symbol of strength for Christianity. Cathedrals were a way for Christians to show the world what they could do with art and architecture. The grandeur of the cathedrals was a representation of the grandeur of the religion. The more well accepted and wide-spread Christianity became the more grand the cathedrals became.The cathedral has always posed a significant representation of the religion. It became a representation of how the religion was worked as well as a symbol for the art and architecture of Christianity.